In recent decades, the empowerment of women in the labor market has become a central theme in many discussions about social and economic development. These efforts have been bolstered by governments and economic and social institutions recognizing the pivotal role women play in driving the economy and growth. However, achieving this goal still faces many challenges that need concerted efforts to overcome them.

Challenges facing women in the labor market:

• The gender pay gap:

Despite notable progress in some areas, women still suffer from a wage gap compared to men in similar positions. Research shows that in many countries, women are paid between 10% and 30% less than men for the same work, and this negatively impacts women's financial independence.

• Work-life balance:

Reconciling family and professional obligations is a major challenge for many women, especially in light of the lack of community support and infrastructure that makes it easier for women to combine their roles as workers, mothers, and wives. The lack of childcare centers and workplaces that offer flexible policies adds to these difficulties. 

•  Societal and cultural biases:

 Some societies still maintain a traditional view of the role of women, which negatively affects their ability to access equal opportunities in the labor market. These biases include doubts about women's competence, or a preference for hiring men in leadership and management positions.

• Lack of leadership opportunities:

 Although women make up a large proportion of the workforce in many sectors, they are still underrepresented in senior leadership positions. This is due to structural barriers such as lack of institutional support or lack of training for women to enable them to assume these positions.